Description
Closed-Economy is a meta-mechanism that can modify any auction type. In a Closed-Economy Auction, all the money spent in the auction is paid out to the auction participants themselves. The total amount of money in the system never changes.
Discussion
While many auctions feature the winning bid being paid to one of the players at the table, as in MarraCash and Modern Art, a true Closed-Economy is relatively rare. There’s typically some way to earn more money or inject money into the system. However, Closed-Economy systems do exist and are perhaps more common in constrained bidding systems that feature unique bidding markers, like Ra. True Closed Economies create a zero-sum game where each player’s loss is one or more players’ gain. The auction mechanism provides players with opportunities to convert their paper wealth, their opportunity capital, into actual wealth in the form of in-game resources or benefits. The core dynamic for players is timing the game properly and being wealthy at the right time and poor at the right time.
In some implementations, like Dream Factory, money paid is split among all the players. In this case, the “remainder” issue needs to be dealt with for sums of money that don’t divide evenly among the players. Typically, this is handled by leaving the remainder in the center of the table, where it is added to the next winning bid before being distributed.
Sample Games
Dream Factory (Knizia, 2000) Modern Art (Knizia, 1992) No Tanks! (Gimmler, 2004) Ra (Knizia, 1999)
描述
封闭经济（Closed-Economy）是一种可以修改任何拍卖类型的元机制。在封闭经济拍卖中，拍卖中花费的所有资金都会支付给拍卖参与者自己。系统中的资金总量从未改变。
讨论
虽然许多拍卖的特点是将中标款支付给桌上的一名玩家，如在《马拉喀什》（MarraCash）和《现代艺术》（Modern Art）中，但这真正的封闭经济相对罕见。通常有一些赚更多钱或向系统注入资金的方法。然而，封闭经济系统确实存在，并且可能在具有独特竞标标记的受限竞价系统中更常见，如《Ra》。真正的封闭经济创造了一个零和游戏，其中每个玩家的损失就是一个或多个玩家的收益。拍卖机制为玩家提供了将其纸面财富、机会资本转化为游戏内资源或利益形式的实际财富的机会。玩家的核心动态是正确地安排游戏时间，在正确的时间富有，在正确的时间贫穷。
在某些实现中，如《梦工厂》（Dream Factory），支付的钱在所有玩家之间分配。在这种情况下，需要处理无法在玩家之间平均分配的金额的“余数”问题。通常，这是通过将余数留在桌子中央来处理的，在分配之前将其添加到下一个中标价中。
游戏范例
Dream Factory (Knizia, 2000) - 《梦工厂》 Modern Art (Knizia, 1992) - 《现代艺术》 No Tanks! (Gimmler, 2004) - 《No Thanks!》（中文常译为“那就算了”或“不，谢谢”） Ra (Knizia, 1999) - 《Ra》