Description
Dice are rolled, and those exceeding a target number generate success. Certain rolls (typically the highest and/or lowest on the die) generate additional success or extreme failure.
Discussion
Critical Hits (and Critical Failures) add variance to a resolution system, in essence lengthening the “tail” of the result distribution. Tey also add excitement by creating jackpot effects, similar to a slot machine. You have a pretty good idea of what the result range may be, but Critical Hits and Failures, depending on implementation, can give bonuses that make success possible where it normally might not be or add tension to an overwhelming attack. In its standard implementation, Critical Hits double the damage of an attack or improve the result in other ways. However, there are several novel uses of Critical results. Uncharted Seas and Dystopian Wars, miniatures games from Spartan Games, have an “exploding dice” critical system. In this system, players roll a number of 6-sided dice and get a success on a 4 or higher. On a roll of a 6, however, the player gets 2 successes and also gets to reroll those dice. Additional 6s on the rerolls will yield additional double successes and more rerolls. In this system, it is theoretically possible to get any number of hits on any attack, which can make for dramatic moments as dice are rolled and rerolled, and successes accumulate.
Warmachine/Hordes allows for a critical hit any time at least two dice in an attack show the same result. Normally an attack is made with two dice, but this number may be increased or decreased, naturally changing the frequency of critical hits or removing their possibility (as in the case of a one-die attack) without any additional rules overhead. Advanced Squad Leader generates extra effects (both positive and negative) on rolls of 2 or 12 on two 6-sided dice. A 2 causes a Heat of Battle effect, which may cause a hero to emerge, a unit to upgrade, or the squad to go berserk and charge the enemy; a 12 may cause weapons to break or other negative results, resolved by rolling on a separate chart (RES-04). These add a lot of variety to combat results and force players to adapt to changing circumstances. Several games convert special symbols or excess successes (if rolling against a target) into a type of currency that can be spent on various beneficial effects. Sometimes called Surges, these can also give a lot of tools to the player to use tactically, beyond simply resolving the combat. The miniatures game Malifaux adapts this by using a card-flipping system to generate random combat strengths but allowing special abilities to trigger if the correct suit flips.
Sample Games
Advanced Squad Leader (Greenwood, 1985) Dungeons & Dragons (Arneson and Gygax, 1977) Dystopian Wars (Fawcett, Flack, Glover, Padfield, Sammarco, and Sinclair, 2010) Malifaux (Caroland, Johns, and Weber, 2009) Uncharted Seas (Fawcett and Sims, 2008) Warmachine/Hordes (McVey, Snoddy, and Wilson, 2003)
描述
掷骰子，超过目标数字的骰子产生成功。某些掷骰（通常是骰子上的最高和/或最低值）会产生额外的成功或极端的失败。
讨论
暴击（Critical Hits）和极其失败（Critical Failures）增加了解决系统的方差，本质上延长了结果分布的“尾部”。它们还通过创造类似老虎机的大奖效应来增加兴奋感。你对结果范围可能是什么有一个很好的想法，但暴击和失败，取决于实施方式，可以提供使成功成为可能的奖励，而这种成功通常不可能，或者给压倒性的攻击增加紧张感。在其标准实现中，暴击使攻击伤害翻倍或以其他方式改善结果。然而，对暴击结果有几种新颖的用途。Spartan Games的微缩模型游戏《Uncharted Seas》和《Dystopian Wars》有一个“爆炸骰子”暴击系统。在这个系统中，玩家掷出一定数量的6面骰子，并在4或更高时获得成功。然而，掷出6时，玩家获得2个成功，并且可以重新掷那些骰子。重新掷出的额外的6将产生额外的双倍成功和更多的重掷。在这个系统中，理论上可以在任何攻击中获得任意数量的命中，这可以制造戏剧性的时刻，随着骰子被掷出和重掷，成功不断累积。
《Warmachine/Hordes》允许在攻击中至少有两个骰子显示相同结果时发生暴击。通常攻击是用两个骰子进行的，但这个数字可以增加或减少，自然地改变暴击的频率或消除它们的可能性（如在一个骰子攻击的情况下），而无需任何额外的规则开销。《Advanced Squad Leader》在两个6面骰子上掷出2或12时产生额外效果（正面和负面）。2会导致“战斗狂热”（Heat of Battle）效果，这可能会导致英雄出现、单位升级或小队发狂并冲向敌人；12可能会导致武器损坏或其他负面结果，通过在单独的图表上掷骰解决（RES-04）。这些给战斗结果增加了很多多样性，并迫使玩家适应不断变化的情况。一些游戏将特殊符号或多余的成功（如果正在对目标进行掷骰）转换为一种可以花费在各种有益效果上的货币。有时被称为“激增”（Surges），这也可以给玩家提供很多战术工具，除了简单地解决战斗之外。微缩模型游戏《Malifaux》通过使用翻牌系统来生成随机战斗强度，但如果翻出正确的花色，则允许触发特殊能力来适应这一点。
游戏范例
Advanced Squad Leader (Greenwood, 1985) - 《Advanced Squad Leader》 Dungeons & Dragons (Arneson and Gygax, 1977) - 《龙与地下城》 Dystopian Wars (Fawcett, Flack, Glover, Padfield, Sammarco, and Sinclair, 2010) - 《Dystopian Wars》 Malifaux (Caroland, Johns, and Weber, 2009) - 《Malifaux》 Uncharted Seas (Fawcett and Sims, 2008) - 《Uncharted Seas》 Warmachine/Hordes (McVey, Snoddy, and Wilson, 2003) - 《战争机甲/Hordes》